3rdGRADES ENGLISH, NATURAL AND SOCIAL: MATTER AND ENERGY

MATTER AND ENERGY

What is a matter?

Matter is everything around us that has mass and volumen.: the air, water, our clothes...

Matter can be in different satates like: SOLID, LIQUID and GAS.

Now...Can you think about examples of matter in the different states??

Do you think matter can change??

1. The origin of materials?
There are 2 types of materials:

NATURAL MATERIALS: materials we can find in the nature: animal origin (wool, silk...). plant origin (cotton) and mineral origin (chalk, clay...)

ARTIFICIAL MATERIALS: hand-man materials (plastics, glass synthetic materials...)

2. How we use materials?

Can you think about different material and where can we usually find them?

3. Types of machines?

Machines are inventions that help us do our work with less efford. There are 2 types:

SIMPLE MACHINES: made up of 1 or 2 components
COMPLEX MACHINES: made up of many components.

Can you think about more examples?

4. Important inventions:

PRINTING - Printing is the production of books, newspapers, and other printing material. The earliest surviving printed fragments came from China. Printing first came to Europe as a method of printing cloth. Johannes Gutenberg was a German printer, and he introduced printing to Europe in 1439.

STEAM MACHINE - The steam machine uses heat to perform mechanical work. Water is heated to a high temperature so that it becomes steam, which pushes a cylinder. The first person to try this was Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont in Spain, but it did not work very well. In 1698 Thomas Savery created a better version.

RAILWAY/ TRAIN - Rail transport is the transfer of passengers and things on wheeled vehicles (trains). The trains travel on steel tracks. The oldest railway was in 600BC - these trains were pulled by people or animals. The modern train, powered by a steam engine, was developed in Britain in the early 19th century by George and Robert Stephenson.

TELEGRAPH - Telegraphy is the transmission of a message over a long distance. The electric telegraph used electrical signals to communicate messages across oceans and continents. It was created in England in 1835 by Joseph Henry and Edward Davy. In the beginning it used its own alphabet!